Source of data
Unless otherwise stated, all eCommerce and payment-related values, shares, and visualization data in this handbook are sourced from the PCMI eCommerce Data Library. Where indicated, some figures reflect PCMI and dLocal’s internal estimations. If a different source is used, it is explicitly stated.
The market overview data shown at the top of each country page draws on UN Data for population and average age, IMF data for GDP, Statista for internet penetration, and the World Bank Global Findex for account ownership, card ownership and digital payment use.
Data availability and quality can vary by market. We encourage readers to consider local context and potential shifts when interpreting the insights shared. This document is for informational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for strategic or operational decisions.
Rounding and visual presentation
Some figures may vary slightly due to rounding. As a result, certain totals, especially in charts and visuals, may not add up to exactly 100%. These differences are made to improve visual clarity.
Definition of eCommerce
Our eCommerce analysis covers all online purchases of goods and services, regardless of device or payment method. It includes local and cross-border purchases, B2C and B2B transactions, and all product and service verticals.
Regional classification
For consistency, Türkiye is included under the Middle East region in this handbook. We acknowledge Türkiye’s unique geographic and cultural position as a bridge between Europe and the Middle East.